Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University Series Economic Sciences
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY
The article examines the problem of managing the development of human resources in modern conditions, in particular in the context of changes in the organizational environment and personnel requirements. The authors focus on the provision and analysis of key aspects of personnel management that affect the efficiency of the enterprises functioning in the field of IT. The authors have developed a methodology for building up a system of incentives based on taking into account the motivational features of work in order to improve the technology of managing the development of human resources at enterprises in the IT industry. The research used a number of methods, namely: the method of building a motivational profile – in order to identify common motivational types among employees; expert assessment – with the aim of identifying motivational features of work at IT enterprises; systematization – for improving the classification of methods of non-material incentives for employees. An infographic of the correspondence of stimulation methods to the motivational types of employees at IT enterprises was built, visualizing the results of the study. The practical significance of the infographic consists in simplifying the construction of the incentive system at IT enterprises by formalizing the process of determining the incentive methods in accordance with the motivational types of the employee and the specifics of labor activities in the IT field. Based on a methodology that is based on the typological model of labour motivation, the article builds a motivational profile of employees of IT companies and identifies common motivational types among the surveyed employees; identifies the inherent features of the identified motivational types and the corresponding recommended methods of stimulation for them. On the basis of expert evaluation, the motivational features of labour activity at IT enterprises have been allocated, which allowed to improve the classification of methods of non-material incentives for employees of IT enterprises. Classification groups are identified, incentive methods are detailed, and the nature of the impact on employees is described.
SECTION 2. ECONOMY AND ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC BUSINESS MODELS OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY
The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of circular business models in the activities of agricultural enterprises. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing resource constraints, environmental challenges, and the need to transition from a linear to a circular economic model in the agricultural sector. The study generalizes scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of a business model and identifies the main conceptual orientations in its definition, including value creation, profit generation, and ensuring enterprise competitiveness. The key principles and features of the functioning of the circular economy in the agricultural sector are substantiated, in particular rational use of natural resources, minimization of waste generation, formation of closed production cycles, reuse of materials, and cascading use of biological resources. Based on the analysis of scientific research and practical experience, the main types of circular business models applicable to agricultural enterprises are systematized. These include Product-as-a-Service models, repair and remanufacturing models, reuse and recycling models, biological cycles, and circular supply chains. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of these models to the specifics of agricultural production and the identification of their potential benefits for enterprises. The study also identifies key barriers to the implementation of circular business models in the agricultural sector, including economic, technological, infrastructural, institutional, and socio-cultural constraints. It is proved that the implementation of circular business models can generate significant economic, environmental, and social effects. In particular, they contribute to improving resource efficiency, reducing production costs, minimizing environmental impact, creating additional sources of income, and supporting sustainable development of rural areas. The research results confirm that circular business models are an important strategic tool for enhancing the competitiveness and long-term sustainability of agricultural enterprises in the context of the transformation of modern economic systems.
SECTION 4 ECONOMY AND ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT
Copyright (c) 2026 О.С. Балабаш, В.С. Сливка
ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION WELL–BEING IN UKRAINE IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
The problem of population well–being has acquired particular relevance under conditions of global economic turbulence, institutional instability, and deepening disparities in development across countries. In such circumstances, the assessment of well–being cannot be limited to traditional economic indicators, as it reflects a complex interaction of social, institutional, and structural factors. For countries undergoing systemic transformation, including Ukraine, the issue becomes even more acute due to the influence of external shocks, internal institutional changes, and long–term development challenges. This paper addresses the need for a comprehensive analytical framework capable of capturing the multidimensional nature of well–being within a global comparative environment. The study explores methodological approaches to identifying the key determinants that shape national well–being, emphasizing the importance of integrating quantitative modeling tools with flexible analytical techniques. Particular attention is given to the role of institutional quality, social cohesion, and macroeconomic conditions as structural components of sustainable development. The research considers the problem of structural heterogeneity among countries and the limitations of conventional linear interpretations of socio–economic dynamics. It discusses the necessity of applying modeling strategies that account for nonlinearity, interaction effects, and varying development trajectories. Within this context, Ukraine’s position is examined as part of a broader global system characterized by uneven institutional capacity and differentiated development patterns. By focusing on methodological refinement and conceptual clarification, the paper contributes to the discussion on how well–being should be evaluated in a rapidly transforming global environment. The proposed analytical perspective aims to support a more balanced understanding of national development processes and to provide a foundation for evidence–based socio–economic policy under conditions of uncertainty and structural change.
SECTION 5 MATHEMATICAL METHODS, MODELS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ECONOMY
Copyright (c) 2026 О.М. Новоселецький, Ю.В. Клебан, С. Юркайтієне, М.А. Ясковець
DIGITAL TOOLS OF INNOVATION MARKETING IN THE SYSTEM OF STRATEGIC BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
The purpose of the study is to substantiate applied approaches to the use of digital tools of innovation marketing in the process of strategic development of enterprises and to determine their role in forming an effective system of interaction with the market. The paper focuses on the analysis of practical mechanisms for the use of digital communication platforms, customer relationship management systems, analytical services, and electronic sales channels. The research methodology is based on a set of applied analytical approaches, including the systematization of digital marketing practices, structural analysis of market communication tools, modeling of the integration of digital technologies into the marketing infrastructure of an enterprise, and the development of integral indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing tools. Within the study, generalized models were developed for assessing the effectiveness of digital marketing, forecasting demand for innovative products, and determining the strategic effect of integrating digital marketing technologies into the enterprise management system. The results obtained demonstrate that the use of digital marketing tools ensures the formation of a multichannel system of interaction with consumers that combines communication platforms, analytical services, and electronic distribution channels. It has been established that the integration of digital marketing technologies forms a comprehensive marketing infrastructure that combines information flows, tools for analyzing consumer behavior, and mechanisms for managing customer experience. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of applied approaches to integrating digital marketing tools into the strategic management system of enterprises, which contributes to improving the effectiveness of marketing activities, expanding market opportunities, and forming sustainable competitive advantages in the digital business environment. The novelty of the study lies in the formation of a systemic approach to the use of digital marketing technologies in the process of promoting innovative products and ensuring the strategic development of enterprises.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN ECONOMIC SCIENCE
The article considers the fundamental aspects of the methodology of scientific research as a determining factor in the development of modern economic thought. The content of such paradigms as scientific research, methodology of scientific research, scientific approach to research, scientific method is substantiated. It is established that the methodology of scientific research acts as a conceptual foundation of economic science, ensuring logical consistency, objectivity and verification of the results of Economic Analysis. The main components of the scientific research methodology are revealed: design/approach, research question and hypotheses, research object/sample, data collection methods, data evaluation methods, quality criteria, ethical aspects. The key advantages of applying the scientific approach in research are shown: it promotes objectivity and minimizes bias; it allows replication and verification; it helps to establish cause-and-effect relationships. The stages (steps) of the scientific method in the process of conducting research are established: posing a question, conducting a background study, formulating a hypothesis, testing it through an experiment, analyzing data, formulating a conclusion and communicating results, although some models combine or paraphrase such steps as observation and analysis into key stages of research in order to investigate observations and systematically answer questions. The concept of the category «scientific method of research in economics» and its meaning are revealed: it helps to confirm or refute economic theories; it provides reliable information for informed decision-making; it ensures that the research is transparent, reproducible and based on data. Key components of the methodology of economic research are identified: the scientific approach, quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods and theories, as well as modern methodological challenges of Economic Research: restrictions on access to reliable, qualitative data; it is difficult to determine whether one variable causes another or whether they simply correlate; it is difficult to determine whether one variable causes another or whether they simply correlate; economic models are built on specific assumptions.
SECTION 1 ECONOMIC THEORY AND HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT
Copyright (c) 2026 Г.А. Братусь, Л.О. Карбовська, І.І. Каліна, Ю.В. Мазур
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES
The article examines the global experience of state support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of achieving sustainable development goals. The criteria for classifying enterprises as micro, small and medium-sized are clarified based on key indicators such as the average number of employees, revenue and asset value. The competitive position of SMEs in the modern global economic system is determined, and their important role in ensuring sustainable economic development is substantiated. It is shown that SMEs make a significant contribution to job creation, stimulate inclusive economic growth, and increase household incomes in different countries and regions, particularly among women, youth and socially vulnerable population groups. The study demonstrates that the flexibility of organizational structures and the ability to apply innovative approaches in financial and economic activities provide SMEs with considerable potential for developing and implementing eco-innovative technologies aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of business operations. At the same time, one of the main barriers to the participation of SMEs in the global green transition is their limited access to financial resources and long-term capital. A comprehensive analysis of the key instruments of state support used in different countries to promote the greening of SME activities is carried out. These instruments include preferential lending, state guarantees for loans, grant programs, and tax incentives aimed at stimulating environmentally responsible business practices. It is established that modern support mechanisms increasingly focus on encouraging the development and commercialization of green technologies, the digitalization of economic activities, and the integration of sustainable development principles into business strategies. The results of the study indicate that the formation of accessible financial instruments and targeted policy measures for SMEs should become a priority direction of state policy, as it contributes to accelerating the implementation of green innovations and achieving sustainable development goals.
SECTION 2 WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Copyright (c) 2026 Я.М. Столярчук, Ю.М. Солодковський
ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AS A FACTOR OF STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN UKRAINE`S FOREIGN TRADE
The article examines the role of Ukraine’s economic diplomacy in the structural transformation of its foreign trade amid global economic changes and geopolitical challenges. The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need for accelerated post-war recovery, diversification of foreign economic relations, and modernization of the national economy, which significantly increases the importance of diplomatic instruments in promoting and protecting Ukraine’s economic interests internationally. The purpose of the article is to identify the key directions through which economic diplomacy contributes to strengthening Ukraine’s international economic position and supporting structural modernization of the national economy. The essence of economic diplomacy is clarified as an important tool for advancing national economic priorities in the international arena, while internal and external factors intensifying Ukraine’s economic diplomatic activity are analyzed. Internal factors are primarily related to the necessity of post-war economic recovery and the deep structural modernization of the economy based on post-industrial development principles. The study further analyzes trends in Ukraine’s foreign trade, highlighting structural imbalances and the significant yet underutilized export potential of domestic producers. In this context, the key mechanisms and instruments of economic diplomacy that expand access for Ukrainian goods and services to foreign markets are identified. The findings demonstrate that effective use of diplomatic channels plays a crucial role in supporting domestic exporters, diversifying import supply sources, strengthening economic cooperation with foreign partners, and forming a positive international image of Ukraine. The full-scale armed aggression of the Russian Federation has further amplified the role of economic diplomacy as a mechanism for mobilizing international financial assistance, consolidating macro-financial support programs, ensuring the operation of critical infrastructure, and attracting investment for reconstruction and economic recovery. Strengthening the activities of Ukraine’s diplomatic institutions and expanding trade and economic missions abroad is shown to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian producers in global markets and contribute to the long-term structural transformation of the country’s foreign trade.
THE EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES OF UKRAINE’S DAIRY SECTOR IN THE CONTEXT OF EU ACQUIS ADAPTATION
The article looks into the current trends shaping milk production and the broader dairy industry in Ukraine, offering a comprehensive analysis of the sector’s dynamic transformation. It examines the major structural shifts in production patterns, including changes in farm sizes, technological adoption, and the growing concentration of market players, which are reshaping the competitive landscape. The study further reveals the latest trends in the production of dairy products, as well as the evolving patterns of foreign trade, with a dedicated focus on trade relations with the European Union. By identifying the key problems and inherent weaknesses of the dairy sector, the article highlights the critical barriers to growth and competitiveness. Finally, it outlines the principal challenges confronting Ukraine’s dairy sector and milk production as the country progresses toward aligning its national legislation with the EU acquis.
SECTION 3 ECONOMY AND OPERATION OF NATIONAL ECONOMY
STRATEGIC PRIORITIES OF PUBLIC POLICY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The paper substantiates the objective need to establish key priority areas in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The aim of this work is to identify key strategic priorities in the sustainable development management system in Ukraine. The article examines the theoretical and methodological foundations for forming strategic priorities for state policy in the field of sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the concept of sustainable development in conditions of global instability and military challenges. The necessity of integrating the security component into the structure of state target programmes is substantiated. It is argued that in the Ukrainian context, the use of the traditional model based on three components (economic, environmental and social) is insufficient, as it does not take into account the critical impact of the security factor. In this regard, there is a need for scientific justification of a different classification of priorities, integrated into the strategy of state management to address the issue of national sustainability. The author has constructed a structure for the institutional and security block of sustainable development priorities. A new structure for the classification of state priorities in the context of sustainable development has been defined. The scientific novelty of the work is the improvement of the classification of the traditional system of priorities of state policy for sustainable development based on the identification of the security component as a fundamental component of the implementation of socio-economic and environmental strategic goals. In contrast to traditional approaches, an adaptive model is proposed that includes the economy, society, ecology and security, making it possible to adapt global sustainable development goals to the conditions of martial law and post-war recovery, based on ensuring the institutional stability of the national management system. The results of the study can be used to improve the regulatory framework for strategic planning at the national and regional levels.
THE IMPACT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CRAFT FOOD PRODUCTIONS ON THE ECONOMY OF THE REGION: THE ROLE OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF LOCAL PERSONNEL
The article examines the impact of the development of craft food production on the economic potential of Ukraine’s regions in the context of post-war recovery. It substantiates that craft production is becoming an important factor in shaping local economies, contributing to the development of small businesses, the creation of new jobs, the growth of tourism attractiveness, and the increase in self-employment among the population. The study considers theoretical approaches to understanding the concept of «craft production», based on works that emphasize innovation, entrepreneurial activity, and the role of clustering in regional economic development. The current state of the craft sector in Ukraine is analyzed, and key development trends are identified, including a focus on local resources, environmentally friendly production, niche market orientation, and growing demand for authentic products. It is demonstrated that successful examples of craft enterprises – such as «Hutsul Farm» (Ivano-Frankivsk region), «Craft-Bake» (Lviv region), and Varvar Brew (Kyiv region) – illustrate the synergy between production, tourism, and local communities, generating a multiplicative economic effect at the regional level. Special attention is given to the role of professional education in providing human resources for craft production. It is noted that the training of specialists in food technology, restaurant business, and entrepreneurship should be oriented toward developing innovative thinking, entrepreneurial competencies, and practical skills for working within small-scale production environments. The importance of close cooperation between educational institutions and local business communities, agricultural clusters, and territorial communities is emphasized to ensure a sustainable workforce for regional economic development. As a result of the study, key directions for improving the efficiency of craft enterprises are identified, including the development of educational hubs, the creation of regional support programs for small businesses, the stimulation of innovative initiatives, and the expansion of integration between education and production.
Copyright (c) 2026 В.Г. Бурак, А.М. Сорокіна
MECHANISMS OF EDUCATION QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The article examines the theoretical foundations and modern approaches to the formation of mechanisms for education quality management within the system of public administration during the period of socio-economic transformations. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to improve the efficiency of the educational system and strengthen human capital development in Ukraine. The study analyses the results of the international PISA-2022 assessment, which reveal significant challenges in the level of basic competencies among Ukrainian students. In particular, the average performance of Ukrainian students was 466 points in reading, 453 in mathematics and 469 in science, which is lower than the OECD average indicators. These results indicate the necessity of improving management mechanisms aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and outcomes of educational activities. The article systematizes the key mechanisms of education quality management, including strategic, organizational, personnel, information-analytical and control-evaluation mechanisms. Their coordinated implementation ensures effective functioning of educational organizations and contributes to improving the quality of educational processes. The study also highlights the importance of applying the principles of New Public Management, which emphasize results-oriented management, performance evaluation and the use of modern managerial tools in public sector institutions. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of adapting the European Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG) to the management of general secondary education institutions. The article substantiates the relevance of implementing internal quality assurance systems, student-centered learning approaches, and systematic monitoring of educational outcomes. The use of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is proposed as an effective tool for performance management in educational organizations. The implementation of KPI allows assessing educational results, improving the transparency of management processes and strengthening the connection between resources, educational processes and achieved outcomes. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the proposed mechanisms and performance indicators to improve education quality management and enhance the effectiveness of educational institutions.
ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF SMALL BUSINESSES: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO ENSURING ECONOMIC RESILIENCE
In the current conditions of economic instability, increasing competition, and the impact of global crisis phenomena, the issues of effective crisis management of enterprises are becoming particularly relevant. Small businesses represent one of the most vulnerable sectors of the economy, as their activities largely depend on changes in the external environment, access to financial resources, market conditions, and the institutional framework of operation. In this regard, the formation of effective management mechanisms aimed at the timely identification of crisis situations, prevention of their negative consequences, and ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises becomes especially important. The purpose of the article is to generalize theoretical approaches to understanding the essence of crisis management and to substantiate the main stages of forming a system of anti-crisis measures in the activities of small businesses. In the course of the study, scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «crisis management» are analyzed, its main functions and role in ensuring the stability of enterprises in conditions of economic instability are determined. Particular attention is paid to the study of the specific features of crisis manifestations in the activities of small enterprises, which often arise under the influence of both internal management problems and external economic factors. The article identifies the key stages of implementing crisis management, including monitoring of enterprise activities and analysis of the external environment, comprehensive diagnosis of the financial and non-financial condition of the business, identification and systematization of problems, development of strategic directions for overcoming crisis phenomena, implementation of management decisions, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the measures taken. It is substantiated that an effective crisis management system should be based on a strategic approach that involves not only responding to crises but also their timely forecasting and the formation of mechanisms for adapting enterprises to changes in the external environment. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the proposed approaches to improve the efficiency of small business management, strengthen their competitive positions, and ensure the stability of their functioning in conditions of crisis phenomena.
ESG INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AS A COMPONENT OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT
The increasing importance of transparency and sustainability requirements in international markets enhances the role of environmental, social and governance (ESG) information disclosure by enterprises. The adoption of the European Union Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) expands sustainability reporting requirements, including for companies cooperating with European partners or exporting to EU markets. Under such conditions, the availability and standardization of ESG information become important factors influencing companies’ access to international markets, investments and financial resources. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the role of ESG information disclosure as a component of the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable enterprise development in the context of managing international economic activity. The study considers the organizational and economic mechanism of sustainable enterprise development as a system of interconnected management processes aimed at achieving economic, environmental and social development goals. Using the IDEF0 methodology, a contextual diagram of the block “Internal standards, evaluation methods and disclosure of sustainability information” is developed, which reflects the inputs, control factors, mechanisms and outputs involved in the formation and disclosure of ESG data. The article identifies the main sources of ESG information formation and disclosure, including non-financial reporting, sustainability reports, international reporting standards, ESG data platforms and rating systems. Particular attention is given to international ESG rating systems such as MSCI ESG Ratings, Sustainalytics, Refinitiv and CSRHub, which are used by investors and financial institutions to assess companies’ sustainability performance and ESG risks. The empirical part analyzes ESG indicators of selected companies from the banking, agri-food and telecommunications sectors operating in Ukraine. The results reveal sectoral differences in ESG risk levels and ratings, confirming that industry characteristics and the level of ESG information disclosure significantly influence companies’ positions in international ESG assessments.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING PLANNING OF UKRAINIAN ENTERPRISES
The article examines the impact of the digital economy on the effectiveness of marketing planning of Ukrainian enterprises in the conditions of structural transformation of the business environment. The relevance of the topic is due to the strengthening of the role of digital technologies, data and platform solutions in the formation of marketing strategies, as well as the need to increase the validity of management decisions in conditions of high market dynamics. The work analyzes the change in approaches to marketing planning under the influence of digitalization, automation and the development of data analytics, which leads to the transition from intuitive and fragmentary solutions to system, data-oriented management models. The empirical basis of the study is statistical and analytical data on the use of digital tools by Ukrainian enterprises during 2020–2024, which made it possible to identify the unevenness of the processes of digital transformation of marketing planning and the differentiation of its performance levels. It is substantiated that the presence of digital tools does not guarantee the automatic growth of the effectiveness of marketing activities without their systematic integration into the processes of analysis, planning and management decision-making. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis of traditional and digital marketing planning, statistical analysis of dynamic series, generalization of analytical data, as well as systematic and structural-functional approaches to the evaluation of marketing processes. The article proposes an author's methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing planning, which is based on a combination of the analytical capacity of the enterprise, the level of management integration of the analysis results and the actual effectiveness of marketing decisions. The obtained results show that the effectiveness of marketing planning in the conditions of the digital economy is determined not only by the level of technological support, but also by the quality of data, the speed of transformation of analytical results into management decisions and their consistency with the strategic goals of the enterprise. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using the proposed approaches to improve the marketing planning system and increase the competitiveness of enterprises in the conditions of the digital economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Т.В. Янчук, О.О. Казьміришена
GENERALIZATION OF PRODUCTION ACTIVITY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS OF ENTERPRISES USING FACTOR ANALYSIS
The article is devoted to the development of a methodological approach to assessing the efficiency of production activities of enterprises, which is based on the generalization of efficiency indicators using factor analysis methods. The use of these methods allows, by generalizing efficiency indicators, to significantly reduce their number, which significantly simplifies the analysis of the efficiency of production activities of enterprises, their comparison, and the selection of the best among them. The approach proposed by the authors is based only on objective information about the production activities of the enterprise; it does not require the use of subjective expert assessments. The statistical data on the results of production activities necessary for the analysis are available to each enterprise, and their volume is minimal. The approach proposed by the authors is illustrated by a specific example: based on data on the production activities of ten enterprises, it was necessary to assess the efficiency of this activity and select the most efficient enterprise. The following indicators were used as the five primary efficiency indicators by which the assessment was carried out: labor productivity of one average annual employee, product profitability, return on capital of fixed assets of production, labor capitalization of one average annual employee, and profitability of fixed assets of production. Using the iterative algorithm of G. Hotelling's method of principal factors, it was possible to leave only two generalized factors in the analysis instead of five primary ones. The informativeness of the first generalized factor was 88%, and the second - 93%. The total commonality of the initial reduced correlation matrix was reproduced by 92%. According to the values of two generalized efficiency indicators, the two most efficient ones were selected from ten enterprises. The method of principal factors and other methods of factor analysis are implemented programmatically in all common statistical packages: STATISTICA, SPSS, etc. The number of primary indicators of the efficiency of the enterprise's production activities can be increased if necessary.
Copyright (c) 2026 О.Б. Васильєв, Н.С. Васильєва
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF BUSINESS MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES AND GLOBALIZATION
The modern global economic landscape is undergoing a profound paradigm shift, driven by the relentless pace of technological innovation and the deepening integration of international markets. As traditional boundaries between physical and digital commerce continue to dissolve, the necessity of re-evaluating established business models becomes a critical priority for organizations striving to maintain competitiveness. This article addresses the urgent issue of how emerging technologies fundamentally reshape the structural foundations of value creation and delivery. The relevance of this study is underscored by the unprecedented speed at which digital tools, such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and distributed ledger technologies, are being adopted across various industries, including retail and finance. The research explores the theoretical tension between established organizational structures and the requirements of the high-tech era, posing questions about the long-term viability of traditional management frameworks. The discussion focuses on the conceptual transition from linear business processes to complex, platform-based ecosystems that leverage real-time data to drive decision-making. Particular attention is paid to the strategic significance of omnichannel integration, which has become a vital component for retail enterprises aiming to harmonize customer experiences across multiple digital and physical touchpoints. Furthermore, the paper explores the theoretical implications of the decentralization of financial services, where digital-only banking models challenge the dominance of traditional institutional frameworks. In the context of globalization, the study examines how these technological advancements allow firms to scale operations rapidly across borders while simultaneously introducing new layers of operational and strategic complexity. The article critically examines the discourse surrounding the "digital divide" and its impact on international market positioning. Special emphasis is placed on the specific challenges faced by businesses operating within emerging economies, such as Ukraine, where the adoption of high-tech solutions is often hindered by infrastructural limitations, economic volatility, and varying levels of digital literacy. The article highlights the necessity of developing a robust framework for balancing the inherent risks of global market volatility with the transformative potential of digital tools. By exploring the interplay between technological dynamics and organizational adaptability, the paper provides a theoretical basis for understanding the future trajectory of business model evolution. The analysis suggests that the ability to navigate this complex environment depends not only on technical implementation but also on a fundamental shift in corporate strategy and culture, which must prioritize agility and continuous innovation in an increasingly interconnected world.
Copyright (c) 2026 А.В. Пастернак, Н.О. Адвокатова
CONSUMER LOYALTY IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT: SPECIFICS AND FACTORS OF FORMATION
The article examines the peculiarities of consumer loyalty formation in the digital environment and analyzes the transformation of consumer behavior driven by digitalization and the rapid development of electronic commerce. The purpose of the research is to identify the key factors influencing the formation of digital consumer loyalty and to develop a conceptual model that captures the mechanisms underlying its formation in the modern digital economy. The methodological basis of the study includes a set of general scientific and special research methods such as analysis and synthesis, systematization, structural and logical modeling, comparative analysis and generalization of scientific approaches. The application of these methods enabled the investigation of the evolution of consumer loyalty concepts and the identification of the main determinants influencing its formation in the digital market environment. The research shows that the behavior of modern consumers is characterized by a high level of information awareness, active use of digital communication channels and a strong dependence on reviews and recommendations of other users when making purchasing decisions. The study determines that the most significant factors affecting digital consumer loyalty are customer satisfaction, trust in an online store, and website attractiveness. Customer satisfaction is formed under the influence of product assortment, pricing policy, quality of service, and effectiveness of marketing communications. Trust is determined by the reputation of the enterprise, consumer experience and perceived risks related to online transactions. Website attractiveness depends on design, navigation, functionality, and the quality of information content provided to users. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential to apply the proposed conceptual model and identified factors to develop marketing strategies for e-commerce enterprises, improve customer experience management, and strengthen long-term relationships with consumers in the digital business environment.
FORMALIZATION OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL-METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
The paper discusses of attributes of formalization of economic development, conditioned by the appropriation of information-digital intellectual product. The aim of this research is a formalization of aspects of economic development, what conditioned by the relations of ownership and appropriation of informatively-digital intellectual product. A variant of integration method was used for achieving of the aim of the research. The stages of formalization of aspects of economic development in the economic theory, namely: resource, technically-technological and informatively-network, were identified. The interaction between the presented stages and the qualitative signs of the attributes of appropriation of information-digital intellectual product, as then: product, actor and form, was illustrated. On the changes in sources of growth, what inherent for the stages of formalization of aspects of economic development, was accented in a spectrum: resources of labor, capital and earth; technologies and human capital; value-added created by industry; intellectual product. On the marked stages were found out advancements into methods for research of aspects of economic development in the following direction: factor analysis, marginal analysis, interdisciplinary approach, integration method. Barriers and prospects for the use of its aggregate of methods were characterized. Further researches must be goal-seeking to: formalization of relations of ownership and appropriation of intellectual product in an indicator, what will allow to compare the increase of economies of different size; explanation of utility of its indicator for the improvement of policy of state property with account the results of corresponding empiric and comparative analysis. Practical importance of the paper was represented in availability for concretization of problems, what must be the aims of strategy of digital development of innovative activity of Ukraine on period to 2030 and corresponding operating plan of measures on her realization in the conditions of threats and calls of global competition.
HOSPITALITY TRADITIONS AS A FACTOR OF CROSS-CULTURAL TOLERANCE IN THE GLOBALIZED WORLD
The aim of the article is to investigate the characteristics of hospitality traditions as a factor of cross-cultural tolerance in a globalized world. The phenomenon of hospitality is examined as a key socio-cultural mechanism capable of fostering tolerance and mutual respect in intercultural communication. The author considers hospitality in a multidimensional context, combining philosophical, cultural, socio-ethical, and pedagogical approaches, which allows it to be evaluated as a universal value integrated into the cultural heritage of the peoples of the world. The study analyzes historical and cultural traditions of hospitality, highlights their educational potential in the fields of education, tourism, and the hotel and restaurant industry, and substantiates their role in developing empathy, respect, and trust in a globalized environment. Particular attention is paid to cross-cultural tolerance as a scientific category that includes cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components of intercultural dialogue. Psychological and pedagogical factors of its formation are examined, and the ways in which hospitality traditions can serve as an effective tool for overcoming cultural barriers, facilitating effective communication, and promoting integration into a multicultural environment are identified. Methodologically, the study is based on axiological, cultural, communicative, and phenomenological approaches, as well as the use of content analysis, cultural-comparative, hermeneutic, and historical-ethnographic methods. In the practical dimension, the study analyzes the manifestations of hospitality traditions in international tourism, the hotel and restaurant sector, and intercultural service, highlighting positive foreign and Ukrainian practices in fostering cross-cultural tolerance. The prospects for preserving and developing authentic traditions in a globalized society are discussed, considering the challenges of cultural heritage erosion and proposing ways for the intercultural adaptation of hospitality traditions. The work emphasizes the role of state, educational, and cultural policy in supporting the humanistic values of hospitality and defines conceptual guidelines for further research in the field of cultural tolerance and intercultural communication. This research has practical significance for pedagogical practice, the development of intercultural competence among specialists in tourism and hospitality, the formation of socially responsible behavior, and the strengthening of cultural dialogue in a global context.
CARBON CREDIT TOKENIZATION AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ENHANCING MARKET LIQUIDITY
The paper investigates the tokenization of carbon credits as a systemic innovation to overcome structural dysfunctions of the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM). Despite rapid growth, the VCM remains critically fragmented, non-transparent, and illiquid, posing significant barriers to scaling climate finance. The study conceptualizes how Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and blockchain infrastructure offer a fundamental architectural shift, transforming isolated off-chain registry entries into programmable on-chain digital assets. The research focuses on the proof-of-concept model developed by Toucan Protocol and KlimaDAO. It details three primary stages: (1) "Bridging" – off-chain credits (e.g., from Verra) are verified, retired, and minted as on-chain TCO₂ tokens; (2) "Pooling" – individual non-fungible tokens are aggregated into standardized fungible composite tokens like Base Carbon Tonne (BCT), creating a benchmark asset; (3) "DeFi Integration" – tokens become tradable on decentralized exchanges and used as collateral in algorithmic reserve currencies. The analysis highlights the model's initial success: KlimaDAO mobilized over 17 million tokenized tonnes of CO₂ (18% of annual VCM volume in December 2021), demonstrating the potential for creating on-chain liquidity. However, three critical challenges limit institutional adoption: asset quality verification issues (tokenization automates but does not solve underlying environmental integrity problems), extreme speculative volatility of protocol tokens (KLIMA lost 99.9% of value), and fragmented regulatory landscape (MiCA in EU, SEC scrutiny in US) creating compliance uncertainty. The article concludes that while tokenization provides powerful proof-of-concept for transitioning VCM from fragmented network to integrated liquid ecosystem, its future depends on solving quality verification, speculative volatility, and regulatory clarity challenges.
INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES' PERFORMANCE
The article addresses the need to improve the methodological foundations for analyzing and evaluating customs regulation in Ukraine. The relevance of this topic is determined by the growing role of customs mechanisms in ensuring the country’s economic security, fiscal stability, and integration into global trade systems. In the context of rapid institutional transformations and external challenges, the efficiency of customs regulation directly affects the competitiveness of the national economy and the effectiveness of public administration. The study emphasizes the necessity of forming a unified and transparent system for assessing customs performance, capable of reflecting both operational and analytical dimensions of regulatory activity. Particular attention is paid to the need for aligning national customs practices with international standards and the gradual implementation of digital tools that enhance monitoring and data-based decision-making. The author also underlines the importance of improving personnel qualifications and establishing a results-oriented culture within customs institutions, which would foster accountability and professional growth. Special attention is paid to the development of practical instruments for monitoring the quality and timeliness of customs procedures, the optimization of managerial processes, and the establishment of clear evaluation criteria for the functioning of customs bodies. The author highlights the importance of balancing administrative, financial, and digital components of customs work to ensure the reliability and adaptability of the regulatory system. The text focuses on identifying conceptual principles for evaluating customs regulation that can enhance its contribution to sustainable economic growth and the rational distribution of state resources. The proposed approach is intended to serve as a methodological basis for improving the quality of customs management, strengthening institutional accountability, and promoting the transparency of customs operations. The article seeks to form a coherent vision of how the modernization of customs regulation can become a strategic instrument for increasing the efficiency of state governance and stimulating the development of Ukraine’s economy in the long term.
FORMATION OF THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE’S IRON ORE TRADE
The article develops a conceptual model of strategic management for the sustainable development of Ukraine’s iron-ore trade. It starts from the policy turn toward a low-carbon economy and the rapid diffusion of climate-related trade instruments, which are reshaping competitive conditions for resource-exporting economies. In this context, iron-ore trade is treated as a socio-eco-economic system exposed to price volatility, logistics disruptions, carbon constraints and rising expectations of corporate transparency. The research problem is to design a governance framework that aligns national industrial and trade policies with corporate strategies and operational practices, while maintaining export viability under tightening environmental and social requirements. The scope of the discussion includes four groups of pressures – economic, environmental, social and institutional – and the managerial responses that can be organized around them. The article examines how these pressures should inform the structure of decision-making, what principles are suitable for coordinating public and private actions, and which instruments enable credible transition pathways for firms participating in cross-border value chains. Methodologically, the work combines systems thinking, an institutional lens and adaptive policy design; ESG is used as an integrating framework for translating sustainability priorities into managerial procedures, indicators and accountability routines. On this basis the paper motivates a three-level architecture (state, corporate and operational) linked by vertical and horizontal information flows, and a four-block governance cycle – analytical, planning, implementation and monitoring—intended to secure learning, feedback and continuous improvement. Special attention is paid to compliance-ready data, risk management and the synchronization of investment horizons with the evolution of climate policy and market access rules. The article outlines how scenario planning, carbon and resource efficiency programs, workforce development and digital monitoring can be combined into a coherent roadmap without prescribing a single technological pathway. The text is written as a conceptual contribution aimed at regulators, company strategists and researchers who require a structured management model for navigating the transition of raw-materials trade under emerging sustainability norms. It clarifies the problem setting, proposes the logic of the model, and delineates the issues to be considered when adapting the approach to specific firms and supply chains, avoiding empirical claims or evaluation of outcomes.
STATE GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
The article examines the features of modern public administration in a market economy, taking into account the strategic guidelines of sustainable development in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of contemporary public administration under market economy conditions, with regard to the strategic priorities of sustainable development in Ukraine, particularly through the lens of results-based management and performance-oriented budgeting (POB). Theoretical approaches to economic regulation − Keynesianism, neoliberalism, monetarism, and institutionalism − are analyzed, as well as their adaptation to the national context. The necessity of transitioning to results-oriented public administration is substantiated, with performance-based budgeting identified as a key tool that effectively links budgetary resources to the achievement of specific socio-economic and environmental outcomes. The role of the state in ensuring the harmonization of market mechanisms, social interests, and environmental responsibility is explored. It is determined that the successful implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the national level requires institutional reforms, improved monitoring systems, and the integration of environmental and social indicators into public policy. A systematization of public regulation methods within a macroeconomic approach is presented, supplemented by examples of their application in Ukraine and their connection to the SDGs. The article includes an analysis of current research, Ukrainian legislation, and international experience, making it a contribution to the scientific discourse on the modernization of public administration in the context of transformation. In the current conditions, the Ukrainian model of public administration should focus not only on economic growth but also on sustainable development as a comprehensive strategy. This requires: a transition to results-based management; the implementation of POB considering environmental and social indicators; the synergy of market mechanisms and targeted state regulation; active public participation in governance processes. Only under these conditions will the state be able to fulfill its role as a guarantor of economic stability, social justice, and environmental security − the key components of sustainable development in Ukraine.
DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLECTUAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE: THEORETICAL ASPECTS, PROBLEMS AND ADVANTAGES
This article is devoted to the study of factors influencing the development of intellectual business in Ukraine. Its social-economic role is determined, the main problems and prospects of development are revealed. In terms of importance, intellectual business can be considered one of the main factors of economic growth in Ukraine, in the absence of sufficient investment support for business development during crises and instability in society. It has been determined that intellectual property is a necessary condition for the prosperity of those cultures where its importance is fully understood and accepted and is effectively protected by laws, the implementation of which is guaranteed by the state.
THE MECHANISM OF ENTERPRISE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF GREEN ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT
The relevance of this research stems from the urgent need to adapt enterprise personnel management systems to the challenges of the green economy, which integrates economic efficiency, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. The greening of human resource management (HRM) is driven by the incorporation of ESG principles into corporate strategies and the growing importance of human capital in maintaining enterprise competitiveness. The study puts forward the hypothesis that the ecological transformation of personnel management acts as a catalyst for enhancing innovation and improving the competitive position of enterprises. A comprehensive model of the Green HRM mechanism has been developed, consisting of five interrelated components: target, organizational-functional, motivational, informational-analytical, and performance-oriented. The stages of implementation are identified-from assessing environmental potential to evaluating outcomes and refining management decisions. Key tools for the mechanism’s implementation are described, including personnel eco-audits, environmental KPI systems, the Green Balanced Scorecard, “green” motivation programs, and digital HR analytics platforms. Recommendations are proposed for integrating environmental considerations into personnel policies and fostering a corporate environmental culture. The theoretical significance of the study lies in advancing the Green HRM concept through the synthesis of sustainable development principles and strategic HRM approaches. Its practical relevance is reflected in the potential application of the proposed mechanism across industries to enhance management efficiency, strengthen employees’ environmental competencies, and improve corporate reputation. The originality of the research is manifested in the systematic structuring of the functional and organizational components of the personnel management mechanism within the framework of a green economy. Prospects for future research include developing quantitative assessment methods for evaluating Green HRM effectiveness and constructing behavioral models of environmental motivation.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
The article develops the theoretical and methodological framework for strategic management of resilience in agricultural enterprises under the paradigm of sustainable development. It explores the evolution of scientific approaches to resilience and sustainability in economic systems and proposes a multidimensional interpretation adapted to the agrarian sector. The author synthesizes global and national concepts, defining resilience as a dynamic ability of agricultural enterprises to maintain functionality and achieve sustainable growth despite environmental, economic, and social disturbances. A theoretical model of strategic resilience management is presented, integrating conceptual, methodological, and organizational blocks that encompass economic efficiency, environmental responsibility, and social inclusiveness. The study defines key indicators for evaluating enterprise-level sustainability, covering productivity, profitability, resource efficiency, and social welfare metrics. The methodology relies on system thinking, dynamic balance, adaptability, innovation, and long-term orientation as core management principles. The paper emphasizes that resilience is not only an adaptive reaction to risks but a proactive strategic resource that ensures competitiveness and sustainable value creation in the context of climate change and geopolitical instability. The aim of the article is to systematize theoretical foundations and propose methodological tools for managing the resilience of agricultural enterprises within sustainable development frameworks, particularly relevant for Ukraine’s recovery, European integration, and transformation of its agrifood system. The conclusions highlight the necessity of integrating economic, environmental, and social indicators into national agricultural policy and corporate strategy as key drivers for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
CSRD AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR UKRAINE’S SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY: PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ESG REPORTING STANDARDS
The article examines the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) as a key regulatory tool for building a transparent, responsible, and sustainability-oriented economy, emphasizing its significance for Ukraine’s post-war recovery and European integration. The research highlights the evolution of the sustainable development concept and the establishment of ESG reporting as an essential component of corporate governance. The European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS) are analyzed as a practical mechanism for the implementation of the European Green Deal and the achievement of the EU’s climate goals, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050. The study outlines the main motives for adopting CSRD and ESRS–enhancing financial transparency, increasing stakeholder trust, and reducing the risks of “greenwashing” through standardized disclosure requirements. The purpose of the article is to define the role of CSRD as an instrument for the sustainable recovery of Ukraine’s economy and to analyze the prospects for implementing ESG reporting standards (ESRS) in national corporate practice. The paper also explores the current practices of non-financial reporting among leading Ukrainian companies such as MHP, NIBULON, Astarta-Kyiv, Kernel, Carlsberg Ukraine, and Cargill, which voluntarily apply GRI, SASB, and TCFD frameworks. These practices demonstrate the growing awareness of the strategic importance of sustainability disclosure for reputation, competitiveness, and investment attractiveness. The transition to CSRD/ESRS, while challenging due to limited expertise, data collection difficulties, and the absence of unified methodologies, opens new opportunities for Ukrainian enterprises–broader access to international capital, “green” financing, and integration into EU value chains. The article argues that the successful adaptation of CSRD and ESRS requires coordinated efforts by the state, business, and academic communities, including the development of a national framework for ESG data collection and assurance. In conclusion, the implementation of CSRD in Ukraine is not merely a compliance obligation but a catalyst for corporate modernization, transparency, and sustainable economic transformation. It contributes to the creation of an investment-friendly environment and strengthens Ukraine’s integration into the European sustainability architecture, supporting long-term recovery based on environmental responsibility and social resilience.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISM FOR SUSTAINABLE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE IDEF0 METHODOLOGY
The purpose of the article is to model the organizational and economic mechanism for sustainable enterprise development using the IDEF0 methodology. A new definition of the organizational and economic mechanism for sustainable development is proposed, which is presented as a set of sequential processes that ensure the efficient use of enterprise resources to achieve economic, environmental, and social goals. The application of the IDEF0 methodology is substantiated, and a contextual diagram (A-0) is constructed, illustrating the overall mechanism for ensuring sustainable enterprise development, including inputs, outputs, mechanisms, and controls. The decomposition of the main process into five key elements is carried out: aggregate enterprise potential, goals and strategies, internal standards and evaluation methods, monitoring and assessment of stability, and adaptation of management decisions. The proposed model is a universal tool for managing sustainable development and can be adapted to the specific characteristics of individual enterprises or industries. The use of the model improves the effectiveness of managerial decisions, ensures the achievement of strategic goals, and promotes long-term sustainable enterprise development.
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF KHERSON STATE UNIVERSITY DURING THE WAR: MANAGERIAL STABILITY, DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION, AND NETWORKED GOVERNANCE
The full-scale war created a real stress test for Ukraine’s higher education institutions, exposing the gap between formal university autonomy and actual institutional capacity as a factor of resilience and the ability to function effectively in a turbulent environment. In this context, Kherson State University has drawn particular attention, as its ability to sustain key business processes became a top priority. On this basis, an in-depth analysis was conducted to assess the university’s capacity to perform three core functions: effective governance, digital adaptation, and the development of strong partnership relations. The article is based on a multidimensional methodology involving data collection from various sources. It analyzes the university’s strategic documents, team stability, financial resources, international projects, and the results of surveys among staff and students, comparing data before and after the full-scale invasion, from 2022 to 2025. The findings are reflected in several criteria: stability of the educational process, organizational resilience, and the level of network relationship development. The article provides valuable insights for higher education institutions in similar circumstances and contributes to developing effective strategies to ensure their sustainability and growth. Key results are represented by indicators such as: continuity of the educational process (uptime/MAU KSU24, share of “university-in-a-smartphone” services), organizational resilience (decision-making time, preservation of management hierarchy, share of academic staff retained), resource base and partnerships (renovated classrooms/laboratories, international mobility, grant revenues, ranking positions).
BRAZIL'S NATIONAL DEFENSE STRATEGY IN STATE POLICY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
The National Defense Strategy of Brazil plays a pivotal role in shaping the state policy aimed at developing the military-industrial complex, serving as a cornerstone for enhancing national security and technological sovereignty in an increasingly multipolar world. This article delves into the intricate relationship between Brazil's defense doctrines and the strategic initiatives designed to bolster its domestic arms production capabilities, highlighting how these elements intertwine to foster economic growth, innovation, and geopolitical autonomy. The discussion begins by examining the foundational principles of Brazil's National Defense Strategy, which emphasizes deterrence, cooperation, and sustainable development as key pillars. It explores how this strategy has evolved over recent decades, adapting to internal political changes, economic fluctuations, and external pressures. Central to the analysis is the state's policy framework for building the military-industrial complex, which encompasses legislative measures, investment priorities, and institutional reforms intended to integrate defense needs with industrial capabilities. Key issues addressed include the challenges of funding allocation, where limited budgets must balance between immediate operational requirements and long-term research and development projects. The article scrutinizes the role of public-private partnerships in driving innovation, such as collaborations between government entities, universities, and private firms to develop advanced weaponry, aerospace technologies, and naval systems tailored to Brazil's unique geographical and strategic context. It discusses how the strategy promotes dual-use technologies that benefit both military and civilian sectors, thereby maximizing economic returns and fostering technological spillovers into areas like renewable energy, telecommunications, and transportation. Obstacles such as bureaucratic inefficiencies, corruption risks, and skill gaps in the workforce are critically evaluated, along with proposed solutions like streamlined procurement processes and enhanced training programs. Overall, this exploration reveals the multifaceted nature of Brazil's approach, where national defense is not merely a military endeavor but a comprehensive policy tool for achieving sustainable progress. By integrating security imperatives with industrial ambitions, the strategy seeks to fortify Brazil against uncertainties while capitalizing on opportunities for growth. The article posits that successful implementation hinges on adaptive policymaking, continuous evaluation, and international cooperation, ultimately aiming to secure a prosperous and resilient future for the nation in an unpredictable global environment. Through this lens, the development of the military-industrial complex emerges as a vital mechanism for realizing Brazil's aspirations on the world stage, blending pragmatism with visionary planning to navigate the complexities of contemporary defense challenges.
SECTION 1 WORLD ECONOMY AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS